Creating memorable, likable NPCs is a rewarding endeavor for any GM. Such characters can enhance the world, deepen players’ emotional engagement, and contribute to a richer, more immersive storytelling experience. While certain NPCs might serve simple roles like delivering quests or providing information, those who truly resonate with players offer a more profound connection. This connection, however, requires thoughtful construction of the NPC’s traits and behaviors. In this guide, we’ll explore three primary attributes – Competence, Likability, and Proactivity – that help shape NPCs into memorable allies, mentors, or rivals. These attributes foster attachment and elevate NPCs from simple extras to characters who feel integral to the story.

Elements of a Likable NPC: Competence, Likability, and Proactivity

Designing NPCs with depth involves finding the right balance in three key attributes. By understanding each attribute and how to apply it in different ways, GMs can bring NPCs to life, encouraging player investment and engagement.

Competence

Competence refers to an NPC’s skill or ability within their role. Players often respect, admire, or trust characters who display competence. An NPC with high competence is someone who reliably fulfills their role: a blacksmith who produces quality weapons, a tracker with an unparalleled ability to navigate the wilds, or a knowledgeable scholar who can decipher arcane texts.

A competent NPC serves as a valuable asset to players, providing them with resources or knowledge that directly benefits their journey. In contrast, an NPC who lacks competence can be equally engaging. A blacksmith who constantly makes faulty equipment or a thief who bungles every heist can add humor and charm, endearing them to the players. The key here is to ensure that any lack of competence adds to the character’s depth, providing opportunities for players to feel either amusement or a protective inclination toward the NPC.

When constructing an NPC’s competence, consider the narrative impact. Too much competence, especially when paired with other high attributes, may overshadow the players’ achievements. Aim to strike a balance where competent NPCs assist without undermining player agency, and where less competent NPCs can add complexity without derailing the story.

Likability

Likability is what makes players want to spend time with an NPC. It’s shaped by qualities that are culturally specific, aligning with what your player group might find appealing. Likable NPCs are often kind, humorous, supportive, or empathetic. They may be the bartender who always remembers the characters’ drink orders or the loyal sidekick who laughs at their jokes and offers encouragement during challenging times.

Likability doesn’t necessarily mean that the NPC is overly friendly; sometimes a gruff, standoffish character can be endearing, especially if they consistently show up to help the players in times of need. Characters who feel genuine – whether through small acts of kindness, witty banter, or a clear loyalty to the party – often garner the most likability.

While it’s tempting to make all NPCs likable, adding a range of personalities will lend authenticity to your world. Even an NPC who is openly rude or blunt can be endearing if they possess the other two key traits, as players may be willing to overlook abrasive qualities when they see the character’s value and commitment.

Proactivity

Proactivity reflects how willing an NPC is to take initiative. A proactive NPC is one who actively supports the players’ goals and has a clear sense of purpose. This might be the guide who eagerly offers to lead the party through dangerous terrain, or the loyal squire who prepares their equipment without being asked. Such characters move the story forward and provide the players with resources, opportunities, or even additional objectives.

On the other hand, a less proactive NPC could be the reluctant shopkeeper who only helps under duress or the lazy town guard who prefers to avoid conflict. These characters may still be useful, but their reluctance creates a different dynamic. It can also help pace the game, with inactive characters reminding players to take stock, rest, or even question their goals.

When developing proactive NPCs, GMs should ensure that these characters support rather than overshadow the party. If an NPC is too proactive, players might feel as though they’re following the NPC’s lead rather than making their own choices. Conversely, if the NPC’s inactivity is balanced with likability or humor, players may be motivated to help them or gently push them into action.

Finding the Right Balance

In shaping an NPC, it’s crucial to balance Competence, Likability, and Proactivity. A character who excels in all three may unintentionally upstage the player characters, which can be frustrating. By limiting at least one attribute, GMs can keep the NPCs impactful without drawing too much focus from the players. For instance:

• Highly competent, likable, but inactive NPCs make excellent background supporters, offering advice or resources when needed but rarely stepping into the spotlight.
• Likable but incompetent NPCs bring humor and levity, often serving as the lovable sidekick or the well-meaning but bungling friend.
• Proactive but less likable NPCs can create friction, challenging players to cooperate with them even if they find the NPC’s personality difficult.

These variations add texture to your campaign world, giving players different emotional touchpoints and interaction styles.

The Inspiration Behind Likable NPCs

The concept of using Competence, Likability, and Proactivity to develop characters originated with author Brandon Sanderson, whose work in narrative theory has greatly influenced RPG design. Guy Sclanders has adapted these ideas for Game Masters in The Complete Guide to Epic Campaigns and The Practical Guide to Becoming a Great GM, providing an invaluable resource for those looking to enrich their NPCs.

By assessing and fine-tuning each of these attributes, GMs can create a cast of NPCs that players want to interact with. Whether the NPC is a trusted ally, a flawed companion, or a reluctant helper, the right balance of Competence, Likability, and Proactivity can turn them into memorable figures who help weave a richer story. Try experimenting with these elements to see how your players respond, and watch as their engagement with NPCs brings a new layer of depth to your game.